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31.What does Moreno Sader imply about the application of hydrogen？A.lt is a double-cdged sword.B.Il requires huge invcstmcnts.C.It is worthpromoting worldwide.D.Itfacilitates technical improvements.DPicture this:you are runninglate to drop your kids off at school in themorning.Ontop of this，it is pouring rain outside.Whileyou are driving down the highway，anothercar cuts you off.You begin tothink he must be a rude person who is also a terribledriver.A couple ofminutes later，you，yourself accidentally cut off someone.Youinformyourself your actionis a result of the fact that you are late foryour children'sdrop-off andyou cannot see well because of the rain.Why is it that weautomaticallyassume othersnegative actions are a result of whothey are as apersonwhile givingourselves excuses? Theactor-observer bias is an explanation for this confusingphenomenon.When you explain someone’s behavior based on internal factors，like assuming thepersonwhocutsyouoff isarudeperson，butattribute（把.....归因于）yourownbehavior to external situational factors，you are engaging in the actor-observer bias.So why does the actor-observer effect occur？ The general explanation is that itoccurs as a defense mechanism for maintaining high personal dignity.We would ratherbelieve that our faults come from factors we cannot control because then we cannotchangethem and it is easier for us to accept the outcome.Theactor-observer bias is the cause of many arguments between the actor and theobserver as a result of a misunderstanding of the effect of external and internal factors.Howcan we stopthinkingthisway and become more sympathetic to the people aroundus? This is where it gets tricky because the observer's internal attributions are anautomatic process which means they occur almost immediately and unconsciously.In order to become more sympathetic towards surrounding people in situations,wemust make the attributions a controlled process.A controlled process is when theobserver purposely focuses attention on something and is consciously aware of theprocess，unlike an automatic process.Knowing what the actor-observer effect is andhow it can influence your own attributions is a good step toward becoming moresympathetic and kindertopeopleyou interactwith.32.How would we define the other driver's behavior according to paragraph 1？A.An emotional outburst.B.A display of bad manners.C.Amomentofcarelessness.D.Anunavoidable circumstance.33.Why dowefall for the actor-observer bias?A.To safeguard our self-image.B.To avoid arguments with others.C.To promote sympathy towards others.D.To ensurefairness in interpersonal interactions.34.How might an observer be more considerate to an actor's actions？A.Byconcentrating on the situational factors.B.Bymaking the attributionprocess automatic.C.By attributing these actions to internal factors.D.By imagining themselves in the same situations.英语试题（雅礼版）第6页（共10页）